Research Status of Stone Sawing Mechanism and Wear Mechanism of Diamond Tools

Abstract: A comprehensive review of the sawing mechanism of diamond tools for cutting hard and brittle materials such as stone, the wear mechanism of diamond tools during sawing and the research status and various viewpoints of sawing force are reviewed. Due to the complexity of the sawing process of hard and brittle materials such as stone, the understanding of the sawing mechanism has not been unified so far, and the theoretical research on the wear mechanism and sawing force of diamond tools is also urgent.

1 Introduction
Hard and brittle materials refer to materials having high hardness and high brittleness, usually non-conductors or semiconductors, such as various stone materials, glass, silicon crystals, quartz crystals, cemented carbides, ceramics, and the like. With the development of science and technology and modern industry, the application fields of hard and brittle materials are expanding, and hard and brittle material processing technology is also developing. Cutting processing plays an important role in various hard and brittle material processing methods. For example, in the processing of architectural decorative panels and precision parts of rock materials, sawing is the first process of machining, and the cost of sawing processing accounts for more than 50% of the total processing cost. At present, the cutting process of hard and brittle materials such as stone mainly uses various diamond cutting tools. Since diamond is the hardest substance known in nature, its excellent performance determines its broad development prospects in the field of cutting and processing of hard and brittle materials such as stone.

The processing methods of using diamond tools for sawing hard and brittle materials are: circular saw blade cutting, diamond band saw cutting, diamond frame saw cutting, diamond bead saw cutting and the like. Although each method has its own different characteristics and application range, its cutting mechanism and diamond wear mechanism are almost the same. Since rock cutting is the most important use of diamond cutting tools, it is of great significance to study the stone sawing mechanism and the wear mechanism of diamond cutting tools for the rational manufacture and correct use of diamond cutting tools. For a long time, experts and scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of experiments and research on the processing mechanism of diamond tool sawing granite, the wear mechanism of diamond tools and the sawing force in the sawing process, and have achieved remarkable results. Processing and research and development of diamond tools have played a positive theoretical role.

2 Study on the sawing mechanism of diamond cutting stone
Diamond abrasives are typically made into a cutting tool by sintering or electroplating. The cutting process of the diamond tool is similar to the grinding process, but due to the influence of the material, the processing mechanism of the hard and brittle materials such as rock and ceramic is different from the metal working mechanism, and the processing process is more complicated. Since diamond cutting tools were first used in stone cutting, there are many researches on the mechanism of diamond cutting stone. Domestic and foreign scholars have carried out long-term research on the processing mechanism of diamond tool sawing granite: from the early application of rock under the intrusion of the intrusion theory, the single-grain diamond scratch surface morphology observation method has gradually developed to the comprehensive application of polarized light microscope and scanning electron microscope Observe the surface morphology of the rock processing and the law of crack generation and propagation, and evaluate the cutting state of the rock with acoustic emission signals. However, due to the complicated cutting state and cutting process of hard and brittle materials such as rock, the research on the cutting mechanism has not yet formed a unified understanding.
Similar to the grinding process, the mechanism of action between a single diamond particle and a stone during cutting is first studied. Early experimental studies have shown that when single-grain diamond is used to cut granite under different conditions, the failure mode of rock is mainly brittle fracture; meanwhile, plastic deformation is still generated in rock according to different mineral composition.